History and Introduction of Automobile

An automobile is a self-propelled vehicle that travels on land. It consists of an internal combustion engine which provides the power and the vehicle runs on the wheels. The primary function of an automobile is to carries people and goods from one place to another. All bikes, cars, truck etc. include in it.

History of Automobile:

The history of Automobile is very wide, but today I am going to tell you some unforgettable years in the automobile field.

In the early days, people used bullock carriage or other animals such as camel, horse etc. to transport good and human from one place to another. In the use of these animals, one big problem encounter is that they could not travel the long distance and for a long time. So the necessity of a machine is arriving which can satisfy these function.

After a great effort of scientist an automobile come into existence in 1769, when a French engineer Captain Nicholas Cugnot design the first road vehicle propelled by its own power. It is a steam engine automobile but his design proved to be impractical. First steam carriage built by Richard Trevithick in 1801 in England.  In the year 1860, the first internal combustion engine is developed by J.J.E. Lenoir. He used coal gas as fuel. There is no compression
stroke before burring of fuel.   In the year 1867, Nikolaus Otto and Eugen Langer used compression stroke in that engine so the power of the engine will increase.  In the year 1876, Nikolaus Otto developed first four strokes spark ignition engine.

After this several engineers (Dugald Clerk, James Robson, and Karl Benz) developed the two-stroke engine. In the year 1880, Karl Benz in Germany developed a tricycle propelled by an internal combustion engine.  In the year 1892, Rudolf Diesel developed first four-stroke compression ignition engine. In the year 1920, a stratified charge engine developed which can run on both petrol and diesel. Ricardo developed a jet ignited stratified
charged engine. In the year 1957 Wankel developed a rotary type internal combustion engine.

How does an automobile work?

In an automobile, many parts work together and make an automobile run. These all parts are known as the basic component of an automobile.

These are-

Engine:

The engine is the power unit in an automobile. The main function of the engine is to convert the chemical energy into mechanical energy by burning of fuel. This mechanical energy use to rotate the wheels.

Power-train:

When the engine produces power some mediators required to carry power from the engine to wheels of the vehicle. These mediators are known as power-train. It includes clutch, gear-box, propeller shaft, differential gear, rear axle etc.

Wheels:

The wheel is used to convert the rolling motion of engine into linear motion of the vehicle.

Steering system:

The steering system is used to control the direction of the vehicle according to the driver need.

Braking system:

The braking system is used to control the speed of the vehicle. It stops or slow down the vehicle when the driver needs.

Electric system:

The electric system is used in the ignition system as well as in headlight, brake light, indicator, Air conditioning system, horn etc.

Body:

It covers all components of the vehicle and gives it a better appearance and also provides space for driver, passengers, and language.

Classification of Automobile:

An automobile may be classified in many manners. Today I am going to tell you some important classification of an automobile.

According to purpose:

1. Passenger vehicle:

It includes car, jeep, buses etc.

2. Goods vehicle:

It includes a truck, a pick-up truck etc.

According to fuel use:

1. Petrol vehicle:

It uses petrol or gasoline as the fuel. It used in bikes, cars etc.

2. Diesel vehicle:

It uses diesel fuel. It used in cars, buses, truck etc.

3. Gas vehicle:

It uses some flammable gases like CNG, LPG as the fuel.

4. Electric vehicle:

It is an engineless automobile. It uses electric energy to run the vehicle. In this type of automobile, there is a motor which runs on electricity and makes run the vehicle.

According to the capacity of the vehicle:

1. Heavy Transport Vehicle (HTV) or Heavy Motor Vehicle (HMV):

It includes buses, truck, dumpers etc.

2. Light Transport Vehicle (LTV:

It includes a pick-up truck, station wagon etc.

3. Light Motor Vehicle (LMV):

It includes jeep sedan and hatchback cars etc.

According to the drive of the vehicle:

1. Left-hand drive:

In these vehicles steering wheels fitted on the left-hand side. Many USA vehicles have left-hand drive.

2. Right-hand drive:

In these vehicles steering wheels fitted on the right-hand side. Many Indian vehicles have right-hand drive.

3. Two-wheel drive (4×2):

In these vehicles, only two wheels are connected to the engine and others are free to rotate.

4. Four-wheel drive (4×4):

In these vehicles, all four wheels are connected to the engine.

According to the number of wheels:

1. Two-wheeler:

It includes all bikes, mopped, scooter etc.

2. Four Wheeler:

It includes cars, jeep, pick-up, truck buses.

3. Six or eight wheeler:

To increase the load bearing capacity, some truck and buses are six or eight wheeler.